Unicondylar Knee Replacement

Unicondylar knee replacement, also known as partial knee replacement, is a surgical procedure in which only one side of the knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint. This is in contrast to total knee replacement, where the entire knee joint is replaced.

Unicondylar knee replacement is typically performed in patients who have osteoarthritis or other degenerative joint diseases that affect only one side of the knee joint. The procedure is less invasive than total knee replacement, and can result in a faster recovery time and a more natural feeling knee joint.

During the surgery, the damaged cartilage and bone on one side of the knee joint are removed, and the remaining bone is shaped to fit the artificial joint component. The artificial joint component is then attached to the bone with bone cement or other fixation methods.

Recovery from unicondylar knee replacement surgery is typically faster than recovery from total knee replacement surgery, and may involve physical therapy and other forms of rehabilitation to help restore strength, mobility, and flexibility to the knee joint.

Like any surgical procedure, unicondylar knee replacement carries some risks and potential complications, including infection, blood clots, and damage to surrounding nerves or blood vessels. However, for many patients with degenerative joint disease affecting only one side of the knee joint, unicondylar knee replacement can be a viable option for reducing pain, improving mobility, and restoring quality of life.

Preparation:

Before the surgery, the patient will undergo a thorough medical evaluation to ensure that they are healthy enough for the procedure. This may involve blood tests, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI, and other diagnostic tests.

The patient may also be advised to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, in the days leading up to the surgery. They may also be asked to stop eating or drinking for a period of time before the surgery.

The Surgery:

Unicondylar knee replacement surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia, which means the patient is asleep during the procedure. In some cases, spinal anesthesia may be used instead.

The surgeon makes an incision over the knee joint and removes the damaged cartilage and bone from one side of the joint. The remaining bone on that side of the joint is then shaped to fit the artificial joint component.

The artificial joint component is then attached to the remaining bone with bone cement or other fixation methods. A plastic spacer is placed between the artificial joint component and the natural joint surface to allow for smooth movement of the joint.

The incision is then closed with sutures or staples, and the patient is taken to a recovery room to begin the post-operative recovery process.

Recovery:

After surgery, the patient may spend several days in the hospital to recover. During this time, they will receive pain medication, antibiotics to prevent infection, and other treatments as needed.

The patient will also begin a course of physical therapy to help them regain strength and mobility in the knee joint. This may involve exercises, stretches, and other therapies to improve range of motion and reduce swelling and stiffness.

Full recovery from unicondylar knee replacement surgery can take several months, and the patient may need to continue with physical therapy and other treatments for some time after leaving the hospital. However, because unicondylar knee replacement is less invasive than total knee replacement, recovery is often faster and less painful.